2022 Introduction to Statistics in Research Mitchell 2nd ed

I N T R O T O R E S E A R C H : D A T A V I S U A L I Z A T I O N & C O M M O N S T A T T E S T S

Communicating Results – using APA 7 th edition

Review the output illustration of independent t -test. Be consistent throughout. A caution: always review the latest APA updates. Requirements and suggestions change!

#1 – Include the mean and standard deviation of both groups #2 – Include Lev ene’s test results #3 - Include the calculated t-value #4 – Include the degrees of freedom #5 – Include the significance (report p values less than .001 as p < .001) #6 – Include the effect size

Please note that the APA manual section 6.36 suggests that standard deviations should be one decimal, but the APA Sample Tables show several t tests tables with three decimal places! So please be consistent as well as discuss this with your dissertation committee. Keep in mind that you could have a narrative or a table but not both.

Table 112: Illustration for sample write up

INDEPENDENT T-TEST SAMPLE WRITE-UP An independent samples t-test was conducted to compare annual salaries for male purchasing managers and female purchasing mangers. Levene’s Test for equality of variance (showed no violations, p = .174). Results indicate that males (M = 74.60, SD = 5.40) earned significantly more than females (M = 64.40 and SD = 8.618). ( t (18) = 3.11, p <.001, Glass’s delta = 1.160. The effect size is high; the difference between the two means is more than one standard deviation.

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