2022 Introduction to Statistics in Research Mitchell 2nd ed

I N T R O T O R E S E A R C H : D A T A V I S U A L I Z A T I O N & C O M M O N S T A T T E S T S

b) Paired Sample Correlations: This test indicates that the pretest is weakly and positively correlated (r = 0.243) and it is significant, p < 0.001.

Table 149: SPSS Paired t-test, table 2 of 4

c) Paired Samples Test: There is a significantly average difference between the Pretest and Posttest score ( t 397 = 36.313, p < 0.001) On average, Posttest scores were 17.30 points higher than the Pre-test scores (95% CI [16.36, 18.23]).

Table 150: SPSS Paired-t test Table 3 of 4

d) Paired Samples Effect Sizes : There is no need to use the effects size since we had such a large sample; however, SPSS does give it to you if the box is checked. In looking at the column marked Point Estimate, we see a very large effect size of 1.820. The difference between the two means is more than 1 standard deviation (and almost two!).

Table 151: SPSS Paired-t test Table 4 of 4

Now let’s look at the write up and table.

Keep in mind that you could have a narrative or a table but not both.

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