2022 Introduction to Statistics in Research Mitchell 2nd ed

I N T R O T O R E S E A R C H : D A T A V I S U A L I Z A T I O N & C O M M O N S T A T T E S T S

5) Once you click “statistics,” a new Reliability Analysis box will open. Click the Descriptives for “Scale” and “Scale if items deleted” and then click “Continue.”

Table 27: Reliability Analysis in SPSS Version 27

6) You will return to the previous box, then click “OK.”

CRONBACH’S ALPHA OUTPUT Situation: Making decisions based on reliability analysis when the alpha is too low. C ronbach’s alpha is the measure of internal consistency and tells us how reliable the measurement scale is with an alpha score. The higher the alpha, the better reliability. We want the alpha at .70 or above (although it can be as low as .60 and still be acceptable).

In this example, our alpha is .585.

Table 28: Cronbach's Alpha output - it is too low

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