2022 Introduction to Statistics in Research Mitchell 2nd ed

I N T R O T O R E S E A R C H : D A T A V I S U A L I Z A T I O N & C O M M O N S T A T T E S T S

Information about the study : COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study with a focus on the over- 80s and hospital-onset disease:

Retrospective Study:

Brill, S.E., Jarvis, H.C., Ozcan, E. et al. COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study with focus on the over-80s and hospital-onset disease. BMC Med 18, 194 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01665-z

Link to study: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-020-01665- z#citeas

Prospective observational study examples A prospective observational study is forward-looking. An example would be looking for outcomes (such as the development of a disease) during the study period relating this to other factors such as suspected risk or protection factors. The study usually takes a long time (as in 20 years!)

Real Example

A prospective, observational study of the effects of implementation strategy on compliance with a surgical safety checklist.

Prospective Observational Study Hannam, JA & Glass, L & Kwon, J & Windsor, John & Stapelberg, F & Callaghan, Kathleen & Merry, Alan & Mitchell, S. (2013). A prospective, observational study of the effects of implementation strategy on compliance with a surgical safety checklist. BMJ quality & safety. 22. 10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001749.

Link to study

Purposeful sampling for Qualitative Data Collection Purposeful sampling is a non-probability method. As you might recall, it is often the approach for qualitative studies. The main focus is to identify specific criteria to belong to the sample.

Real Example

In the abstract of this article featured in Administration and Policy in Mental Health , the researchers say, “ This paper reviews the principles and practice of purposeful sampling in implementation research, summarizes types and categories of purposeful sampling strategies and provides a set of recommendations for use of single strategy or multistage strategy designs …” (Palinkas, Horwitz, Green, Wisdom, Duan, & Hoagwood, 2015, p. 533).

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