2022 Introduction to Statistics in Research Mitchell 2nd ed

I N T R O T O R E S E A R C H : D A T A V I S U A L I Z A T I O N & C O M M O N S T A T T E S T S

significantly different, and then a bar chart just based on counts (since the sample size is the same).

Table 47: SPSS Software, Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Crosstabs, statistics, then chi-square

Table 46: SPSS Software: Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Crosstabs, check Display Clustered bar charts

This chart is provided automatically in JMP when you run Chi-Square. As you can see from the blue line, females had a much larger response (2 = rarely) than males. Based on the p-value, JMP shows that the responses are statistically different for this question. The p-value is the probability that the null hypothesis is true. In this case, the small p-value (.0001) indicates that we should reject the null hypothesis. H o – There is no difference between male and female college students at ABC College in feeling stressed or overwhelmed. H a -There is a difference between male and female college students at ABC College in feeling stressed or overwhelmed.

Table 48: JMP Software, Analyze, Fit Y by X

Creating an Excel pivot chart of all levels (Freshman through Senior) shows that females are less stressed. The pivot chart shows counts. You have to apply a statistical test though to determine if they are significantly different.

Table 49: Excel Pivot chart for all males and females

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